|
Robert Werden (died 1690), was a Royalist officer during the English Civil War. After the Restoration he served as an officer in the English Army, and was a Member of Parliament for Chester during most of the 1670s and 1680s. ==Biography== Werden was the son of John Werden (died 1646), and his wife Katherine, daughter of Edward Dutton, governor of Barbados. On the eve of the English Civil War John Werden was appointed a commissioner of array for Cheshire. He exerted his influence in support of the royal cause, and his son Robert was named colonel of a troop of horse under Sir John Byron, 1st Baron Byron. Robert distinguished himself by his activity. He took part in the defence of Chester, but was wounded and taken prisoner in a skirmish on 18 January 1645. His father assisted in the negotiations for the surrender of the town, and signed the articles of surrender on 3 February 1646. On 26 March John Werden begged to be permitted to compound for his delinquency in being a commissioner of array, pleading that he had never acted against Parliament, and that he had been active in the surrender of Chester. The commissioners for compounding were moved by his representations, and, although he had not come in within the prescribed term, they only imposed on him the small fine of £600, "consideration being had of his great losses and kind offices to members of parliament". Their sentence was confirmed by the House of Commons of England on 9 July, Robert being included in the composition. On 21 July the county committee indignantly remonstrated, declaring Robert was "a most violent enemy, administering general astonishment and terror to the whole country". They were, however, too late; the house declined to recede from its former decision, and as John Werden had died about the close of 1646, Robert Werden was finally cleared by a draft ordinance of the House of Lords on 12 February 1647.〔 cites ''Journals of the House of Commons'', iv. 611, 721; ''Journals of the House of Lords'', ix. 5, 7.〕 In 1648, Werden's estates were again sequestered on the suspicion that he harboured treasonable designs, a fifth being allowed his wife for maintenance. On 27 January 1652 they were discharged from sequestration, but in 1655 his fidelity was seen to be very doubtful,〔 cites ''Cal. State Papers'', Dom. 1655, pp. 216, 220.〕 and in 1659 he took part in the royalist rising under Sir George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer. He was proclaimed a traitor and a rebel on 9 August,〔 cites ''Cal. State Papers'', Dom. 1659–60, p. 94.〕 and his goods sequestered on 27 August. A few days earlier he was captured and sent to London for examination.〔 cites ''Cal. State Papers'', Dom. 1659–60, pp. 154, 157, 160, 333. 〕 He succeeded in making his peace with the Commonwealth, probably at the expense of the Royalists. At the Restoration Werden was imprisoned on a charge of treason. Among other acts of treachery he was accused of endeavouring to secure the king's person after the Battle of Worcester (1651) and of betraying Booth in 1659. Booth and other Lancashire gentlemen, however, befriended him, and he finally obtained his pardon, received back his estates, and in 1662 was made a groom of the Duke of York's bedchamber, and was granted the lands of Thomas Wogan, the regicide, in Pembrokeshire.〔 cites ''Cal. State Papers'', Dom. 1660–1 p. 9, 1661–2 pp. 218, 459, 566, 1663–4 p. 157; ''Hist. MSS. Comm.'' 5th Rep. App. p. 156, 8th Rep. App. i. 278, 280.〕 On 4 June 1665 he received the commission of lieutenant in the Duke of York's guards,〔 cites ''Cal. State Papers'', Dom. 1664–5, pp. 407, 517.〕 and in May 1667 he was named a commissioner for regulating the Duke of Norfolk's affairs.〔 cites Pepys, ''Diary and Corresp.'' ed. Braybrooke, iv. 90.〕 On 29 June 1667 he was appointed lieutenant and major in the Duke of York's guards,〔 cites ''Cal. State Papers'', Dom. 1667, p. 245.〕 and on 2 October 1672 was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and lieutenant-colonel. On 10 February 1673 Werden was returned to parliament for Chester, retaining his seat until the dissolution in 1679. He was returned for the same city on 9 March 1684–1685 to the first parliament of James II. On 1 May 1678 he received the commission of brigadier of the horse, and in the summer served in Flanders expedition against the French. In 1679 he was appointed comptroller of the Duke of York's household. On the accession of James II he was promoted, on 19 June 1685, to the rank of "brigadier over all our forces", and on 31 July was appointed major-general. On 24 October he received the command of the regiment of horse now known as the 4th Dragoon Guards, and on 8 November 1688 attained the rank of lieutenant-general. On 15 September of that year, when the borough of Chester was remodelled by James, he was appointed a common councillor.〔 cites ''Hist. MSS. Comm.'' 8th Rep. App. i. 361.〕 Notwithstanding the many benefits he received from James, Werden deserted him during the Glorious Revolution in 1688, and was rewarded by the post of treasurer to Queen Mary II. He died on 23 January 1690. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Werden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|